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Supports: MTS
MTS is the on-card file extension AVCHD camcorders write — Sony, Panasonic, Canon, and JVC have shipped AVCHD hardware since the format was introduced jointly by Sony and Panasonic in 2006. The stream itself is H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video paired with Dolby AC-3 or uncompressed LPCM audio, recorded at up to 24 Mbit/s for standard 1080p modes and up to 28 Mbit/s for 1080-line 50p/60p. Picture quality is genuinely good; the problem is that the.mts container, the spanning playlist files, and the BDMV/STREAM folder structure are awkward for software outside dedicated camcorder tools. MKV (Matroska, released December 2002, freely licensed) accepts any video and audio codec, holds an unlimited number of tracks, supports chapters, and is the de facto container for Plex, Jellyfin, Emby, Kodi, and mpv libraries.
| Property | MTS (AVCHD) | MKV (Matroska) |
|---|---|---|
| Introduced | 2006 (Sony + Panasonic) | December 2002 (open source) |
| Specification | Blu-ray Disc Association (proprietary) | Freely published, LGPL/BSD libraries |
| Video codec | H.264/AVC only (Main or High profile, L4.1 / L4.2) | Any: H.264, H.265/HEVC, AV1, VP9, VP8, MPEG-4, Theora, MJPEG |
| Audio codec | Dolby AC-3, LPCM | Any: AAC, AC-3, E-AC-3, DTS, FLAC, Opus, Vorbis, MP3, PCM, TTA, WavPack |
| Typical 1080p bitrate | 17-24 Mbit/s (28 Mbit/s for 1080p50/60) | Set by codec — H.264 ~8 Mbit/s, H.265 ~4-5 Mbit/s for equivalent quality |
| Subtitles | Limited (PGS via BDMV only) | SRT, ASS/SSA, VobSub, PGS — multiple tracks |
| Chapters | Via separate.mpl playlist files | Native, in the container |
| File spanning | Forced 4 GB FAT32 split into 00001.mts, 00002.mts… | Single file, no spanning |
| Player support | Camcorder software, VLC, MPC-HC, ffmpeg | VLC, mpv, MPC-HC, Plex, Jellyfin, Kodi, Emby |
| Folder requirement | PRIVATE/AVCHD/BDMV/STREAM/ on card | None — flat.mkv file |
| Output codec | Compared to source MTS (H.264) | When to use |
|---|---|---|
| H.264 (default) | Same family — fast re-encode, broad compatibility | Default for Plex Direct Play, hardware-decoded clients, broad sharing |
| H.265 / HEVC | ~40-50% smaller at equivalent quality | Modern TVs, Apple devices, NAS storage tight on space |
| AV1 | Roughly 30% smaller than HEVC, slowest encode | Future-proof archives, AV1-capable clients (recent Chromecast, NVIDIA 40-series) |
| VP9 | Comparable to HEVC, royalty-free | Open-source workflows, browser playback without HEVC licensing concerns |
| MPEG-4 (Xvid/DivX) | Larger files than H.264 | Legacy DVD-era players that pre-date H.264 |
| Quality Preset (CRF) | Highest = ~CRF 18, Very High ~20, Medium ~23, Low ~28 | Pick one preset for the whole batch when you don't want per-file tuning |
| Specific file size / Target % | Two-pass encode hits a size budget | NAS quota, external drive limit, upload cap |
If you change the video codec (H.264 → H.265/AV1) or set a low Quality Preset, yes — re-encoding always introduces some loss. To stay visually indistinguishable from the camcorder original, keep Video Codec on H.264, set Constant Quality (CRF) to 18 or use the "Highest" Quality Preset, and leave Audio Codec on AC3 so the original Dolby Digital track passes through. The MTS-to-MKV step itself is just a container swap; loss only enters when codecs change.
True stream-copy remuxing (zero quality loss) requires tools like MKVToolNix or ffmpeg's -c copy flag. The xconvert pipeline always re-encodes through the chosen codec, which is why you should keep Video Codec on H.264 and choose the "Highest" preset to minimize any visible difference. If you specifically need a byte-perfect remux of the H.264 elementary stream, MKVToolNix (free, open source) is the right tool — but for 99% of Plex/editing use cases, a high-quality H.264 re-encode is indistinguishable from the source.
That's the AVCHD spanning behavior — SDHC cards are FAT32, so the camcorder breaks a recording at the 4 GB boundary and writes the next chunk to a new file. Concatenate them first (DOS: copy /b 00001.mts + 00002.mts + 00003.mts joined.mts, or use ffmpeg's concat demuxer) and upload the joined.mts here. Splitting on the byte boundary is clean because AVCHD splits at GOP boundaries.
Set Audio Codec to AC3 instead of the default AAC. MKV carries AC-3 natively and Plex / VLC / Kodi all decode it; you avoid the slight quality hit of an AAC re-encode and you keep 5.1 channels intact. If your MTS has LPCM audio (some Panasonic and Sony broadcast modes), pick FLAC for a lossless re-encode or PCM s16le to keep it uncompressed.
H.264 is the safest — every Plex client Direct Plays it without transcoding. H.265/HEVC gives roughly 40-50% smaller files at equivalent visual quality but only newer clients (Apple TV 4K, recent Chromecast, Roku Ultra, modern smart TVs) Direct Play it; older clients will trigger CPU-heavy transcodes on your server. AV1 is even more efficient but client support is still limited in 2026 — fine for cold archives, not yet ideal for live streaming to a mix of devices.
Two common causes. First, if you bumped Quality Preset to "Highest" or set CRF below 18 on H.264, the encoder is preserving more detail than AVCHD's 17-24 Mbit/s baseline. Second, if Resolution Percentage is set above 100% or you changed Audio Codec to FLAC (lossless) from the source AC-3 (lossy), the new file genuinely contains more data. Drop CRF to 20-23 or use the "Very High" preset and stick to AC3 audio to land below the source size.
Open-source editors handle MKV well: Kdenlive, Shotcut, OpenShot, and DaVinci Resolve all import it. Adobe Premiere Pro and Final Cut Pro historically prefer MOV or MP4; if those are your tools, convert MTS to MOV or convert MTS to MP4 instead. For Resolve specifically, MKV imports work but the official supported list is MP4/MOV/MXF.
Trim during conversion using the Trim → Time Range option in step 3 — it's faster than a full re-encode of the whole clip followed by a separate cut, and it avoids generating a giant intermediate file. Enter Start Time and Duration in HH:MM:SS.sss format. For more complex multi-cut workflows, do the conversion first and use Trim MTS or import the resulting MKV into an editor.
For Plex/Jellyfin/Kodi libraries, archival, multiple audio tracks, and soft subtitles: MKV. For sharing on phones, smart TVs without Plex, social media uploads, and broad device compatibility: MP4. They wrap the same H.264 video stream — pick by playback target. See MTS to MP4 for the MP4 path, or compress MKV if you've already converted but need a smaller file.