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Supports: PNG
The default video codec for OGV output is VP8 with Vorbis audio. For maximum compatibility with Wikimedia Commons and other patent-strict pipelines, switch the Video Codec dropdown to Theora under Advanced Options — Theora in an Ogg container is the historically standard OGV stream.
OGV (Ogg Video) is the Xiph.Org Foundation container that pairs Theora video with Vorbis audio. Both codecs are royalty-free and patent-unencumbered, which is why Wikimedia Commons accepts OGV alongside WebM but rejects MP4, MOV, and anything carrying H.264 or H.265. Converting a stack of PNGs to OGV is the canonical way to publish a slideshow, time-lapse, or rendered animation into open-licensed environments.
| Property | OGV (Ogg + Theora) | WebM (VP9 / AV1) | MP4 (H.264 / H.265) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Container | Ogg (Xiph.Org) | WebM (Matroska subset) | ISO BMFF |
| Typical video codec | Theora (or VP8 in some pipelines) | VP9, VP8, AV1 | H.264, H.265 |
| Royalty-free | Yes | Yes | No (patent-licensed) |
| Wikimedia Commons accepts | Yes (acceptable) | Yes (preferred — VP9) | No |
| Compression efficiency | Lower (Theora ~ early 2000s) | High (VP9) / Very high (AV1) | High (H.264) / Very high (H.265) |
| Browser playback (2026) | Firefox until v126 (now disabled by default); Chrome removed in v123 (March 2024); Safari never supported | Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari 14.1+ | Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari (most builds) |
| Native Linux desktop | Yes (default for many distros) | Yes | Often requires extra packages |
| Best use today | Wikimedia uploads, FOSS distribution | General web video | Consumer video, broadcast |
| Duration setting | Display rate | Good for |
|---|---|---|
| 1/60s | 60 fps | Rendered animation frames (game cutscenes, Blender export) |
| 1/30s | 30 fps | Standard animation, time-lapse playback |
| 1/24s | 24 fps | Cinematic time-lapse, film-style frame rate |
| 1/10s | 10 fps | Stop-motion, fast slideshow |
| 1-2 seconds | Slow slideshow | Photo galleries, portfolio reels |
| 3-5 seconds | Lecture pacing | Slide-deck export, captioned tutorial frames |
| 10 seconds | Hold-on-frame | Title cards, signage loops |
Wikimedia's content policy is patent-driven, not browser-driven. Theora's source patents were irrevocably granted royalty-free by On2 in 2002 when it donated VP3 to Xiph.Org, so Commons can host Theora indefinitely without licensing exposure. Browser removal (Chrome 123 in March 2024, Firefox 126) is a security and footprint decision — Commons transcodes uploaded OGV/WebM into web-friendly derivatives for playback, so the upload format and the playback format don't have to match.
Pick Theora if your target is Wikimedia Commons or any open-source project that explicitly says "Ogg/Theora" — Ogg-with-Theora is the historically standard OGV stream. Pick VP8 for slightly better compression at the same bitrate when the destination is just "any open-format player" and the consumer is VLC, mpv, or a Linux desktop. xconvert defaults to VP8 for visual quality; switch to Theora under Video Codec → Theora in Advanced Options for Wikimedia compatibility.
Match the source's frame rate. For numbered render outputs (frame_0001.png, frame_0002.png…) from Blender or a game engine, set 1/24s or 1/30s — the resulting OGV plays as cinematic motion. For slideshow PNGs (slides, photos), 2-5 seconds per frame matches most lecture and portfolio pacing. For time-lapse from a photo burst, 1/30s gives smooth 30 fps playback; 1/10s feels stuttery but covers long sequences quickly.
Probably not natively in 2026. Google removed Theora support from Chromium in version 123 (March 2024), and Firefox disabled it by default in version 126. Safari never supported Theora. The reliable players are VLC, mpv, the GNOME and KDE default video apps, and Firefox builds with media.theora.enabled flipped back on. If your audience is general web viewers, convert PNG to WebM or convert PNG to MP4 instead — both keep universal browser support.
Yes — Merge Strategy → "Merge images" stacks every uploaded PNG into a single OGV in filename order. Sort your files by name before uploading (frame_0001.png, frame_0002.png, …) so the merge order matches your intended sequence. There's no fixed cap, but very large stacks (tens of thousands of frames) are smoother done locally with FFmpeg; for a few hundred to a few thousand frames a browser conversion is fine.
For Wikimedia uploads, "strongly recommended to upload your video with the best quality (bit rate and frame size) possible" — keep Resolution on "Original" and let your source PNG dimensions drive output. For web playback or embed previews, 720p or 1080p is plenty. Vertical destinations (Wikimedia Commons mobile, social previews) benefit from the 1080×1920 or 720×1280 presets. Files on Commons must stay under 5 GiB.
PNG is lossless per frame. OGV (Theora or VP8) re-encodes at a target bitrate, but a slideshow of 100 high-resolution photos held for 5 seconds each at the "Highest" preset can still produce a hundreds-of-MB file because every frame is being held for many displayed-frame copies. Drop the Quality Preset to "Very High" or "High," lower the resolution preset, or shorten the per-image duration to shrink output.
No. Both Theora and VP8 are opaque video codecs — they do not encode an alpha channel. Any transparent pixels in your PNGs are flattened against the Background Color you pick (default black). If you need transparency, convert PNG to GIF for an animated frame sequence with 1-bit transparency, or use APNG/WebP for full alpha.
Not in a single step — image-to-OGV is silent by default (Vorbis stream with no audio). To attach narration or music, convert PNG → OGV here, then merge an audio track in a video editor like Kdenlive or OpenShot, both of which export Ogg/Theora natively. To go the other direction (extract still frames from an OGV), convert OGV to PNG.