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Supports: OGV
OGV is the file extension for Ogg-container video, almost always carrying Theora video and Vorbis audio. Theora was released by the Xiph.Org Foundation on 1 June 2004, derived from On2's VP3 codec under an irrevocable royalty-free patent grant. It served as the open-source web's first HTML5 fallback before VP8 and H.264 matured. WebM, designed by Google in 2010 as a container for VP8/VP9 (and now AV1) video plus Vorbis or Opus audio, replaced it: VP9 typically delivers 30–50% better compression than VP8 at the same quality, and its successor AV1 adds another 30%. Both formats stay royalty-free, so the upgrade preserves the patent-free philosophy while gaining mainstream browser support and smaller files.
.ogv output. Re-encoding the back catalog to WebM keeps the open-source ethos while halving file sizes for the same perceived quality.<source type="video/ogg"> alongside MP4 specifically for Firefox before WebM stabilized. With WebM now at 95%+ global support per caniuse, the OGV branch is dead weight.| Property | OGV (Ogg + Theora) | WebM (VP9 default) |
|---|---|---|
| Container | Ogg (Xiph.Org, 2003) | Matroska-derived WebM (Google, 2010) |
| Default video codec | Theora (released 2004; derived from On2 VP3) | VP9 (2013); VP8 and AV1 also valid |
| Default audio codec | Vorbis | Opus (Vorbis also supported) |
| Compression vs Theora | baseline | VP9 is 30–50% smaller at equal quality |
| Chrome desktop | Removed in Chrome 123 (Mar 2024) | Native since Chrome 25 |
| Firefox desktop | Disabled by default in Firefox 126 (May 2024) | Native since Firefox 28 |
| Safari (macOS / iOS 15+) | Never natively supported | Added in Safari 14.1 (April 2021), full in 16.1+ |
| Royalty-free | Yes | Yes |
| Actively maintained | No (last spec 2017) | Yes (VP9, AV1 ongoing) |
| Hardware acceleration | Software-only | VP9 has wide GPU/SoC support; AV1 on most 2020+ chips |
| Codec | Best for | Tradeoff |
|---|---|---|
| VP9 (default) | Most uploads, YouTube/Wikimedia targets, modern browsers | Best balance of size, quality, and hardware decode in 2026 |
| VP8 | Older WebM players, very old Android, low-CPU encoding | Roughly 30–50% larger than VP9 at the same quality |
| AV1 | Long-term archive, future-proof streams, very low bitrates | ~30% smaller than VP9 but encodes 5–10× slower; pre-2020 iPhones can't decode |
Chromium removed Theora decoding in Chrome 123 (March 2024) and Firefox disabled it by default in version 126 (May 2024), citing low usage and security concerns about a codec that had not seen meaningful updates since 2017. Firefox ESR 128 still plays Theora until that ESR branch ages out. Re-encoding to WebM is the simplest fix — every current browser handles WebM/VP9 natively.
Pick VP9 unless you have a specific reason. VP9 is the default for a reason: it is widely hardware-accelerated on phones, smart TVs, and modern Macs, compresses ~30–50% better than VP8, and is the codec YouTube and Wikimedia Commons recommend for WebM uploads. Choose VP8 only if you need to support a very old WebM player. Choose AV1 if file size matters more than encoding time and you know your audience runs hardware from 2020 or later.
Any transcode between lossy codecs introduces some loss in theory, but with the default "Very High" Quality Preset using VP9, the result is visually transparent on the kinds of source material OGV usually carries (screencasts, talks, low-bitrate web video). The WebM file is typically smaller than the original OGV at the same perceived quality because VP9 is the more efficient codec.
Yes — Safari 14.1 (released April 29, 2021 with macOS Big Sur 11.3 and iOS/iPadOS 14.5) added VP8/VP9 + Vorbis playback, and Safari 16.1 (October 2022) brought it to feature parity. iPhones running iOS 14.5 or later, and Macs on Big Sur 11.3 or later, can play WebM natively. For audiences that may be on Safari 12–14.0 or older Apple TVs, also publish an OGV to MP4 version.
Opus (the default) outperforms Vorbis at every bitrate, especially below 96 kbps for speech. The only reason to pick Vorbis is compatibility with very old WebM players that pre-date Opus support — most current browsers, VLC 1.1+, and ffmpeg-based players handle Opus without issue.
Constant Bitrate (CBR) holds the bitrate steady — useful when you need a predictable file size for a streaming target. Variable Bitrate (VBR) lets the encoder spend more bits on motion-heavy scenes and fewer on static ones, giving better quality for the same average bitrate. Constant Quality (CRF/CQ) targets a fixed visual quality and lets the file size land wherever it lands — best for archives. Specific File Size lets you set, e.g., 10 MB to fit a Discord upload cap and the encoder back-solves the bitrate.
Yes — drop multiple files into the upload area and each is processed and downloaded individually. The Quality Preset, codec, and resolution settings apply to every file in the queue, so a folder of recordMyDesktop screencasts converts with a single click.
In most cases yes, often substantially. Theora is roughly two codec generations behind VP9, so a 100 MB OGV at "Very High" preset typically lands between 50 MB and 70 MB as VP9 WebM with no visible quality difference. Use Specific File Size or a lower Quality Preset to shrink further when targeting a specific upload cap.
Practically obsolete for the public web. Mozilla's own bug-tracker entry on Theora removal cited near-zero usage telemetry, and the Xiph.Org spec hasn't shipped a new version since the Theora I update on 3 June 2017. Niche players (SeaMonkey, ogv.js) and Firefox ESR still decode it, but any new project should target WebM or AV1 instead.