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Supports: X3F
X3F is Sigma's proprietary RAW container, written by cameras that use the Foveon X3 stacked-photodiode sensor — a three-layer design (introduced with the Sigma SD9 in October 2002) that captures red, green, and blue at every pixel location instead of demosaicing a Bayer mosaic. The files are large, slow to render, and only fully understood by SIGMA Photo Pro, dcraw, Iridient Developer, and a small handful of third-party readers. HEIF (ISO/IEC 23008-12), standardised by MPEG in 2015, is roughly half the size of JPEG at matched visual quality and natively supports 10-bit and 12-bit depth, wide colour, and alpha — so it's a far better delivery format than JPEG once you've finished editing the RAW.
| Property | X3F (Sigma RAW) | HEIF |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Proprietary camera RAW | ISO standardised image container |
| Specification | Sigma; reverse-engineered by libopenraw | ISO/IEC 23008-12 (2015) |
| Sensor data | Raw Foveon X3 per-layer values | Encoded image (HEVC, AV1, etc.) |
| Typical size (12-46 MP) | 25-65 MB | 1-5 MB at Very High |
| Bit depth | 12-14 bits per layer | 8, 10, or up to 16 bits per sample |
| Editable highlights/shadows | Yes — full RAW latitude | No — baked exposure |
| Native viewers | SIGMA Photo Pro, dcraw, Lightroom CC (read-only) | iOS 11+, macOS 10.13+, Windows 10 (extension), Android 9+ |
| Alpha / depth maps / bursts | No | Yes |
| Good for | Editing, archiving the master | Sharing, web, cloud delivery |
| Preset | Typical HEIF size from a 40 MP X3F | When to use |
|---|---|---|
| Very High (default) | 3-5 MB | Archive, print, portfolio uploads where Foveon colour matters |
| High | 1.5-3 MB | iMessage, Signal, WhatsApp, Discord, Gmail (25 MB cap) |
| Medium | 700 KB - 1.5 MB | Web galleries, blog posts, social-media uploads |
| Low / Very Low / Lowest | 100-600 KB | Thumbnails, contact sheets, quick proofs |
HEIF (ISO/IEC 23008-12) is the container; HEIC is Apple's specific subset that mandates the.heic extension and HEVC-encoded images. This page outputs a .heif file using HEVC, which Apple Photos, Preview, and Finder treat identically to a.heic file. If you specifically need the .heic extension (some Apple workflows match on it), use Convert X3F to HEIC instead.
Yes. X3F holds the unprocessed per-layer Foveon sensor data, so you can recover blown highlights, push shadows several stops, and re-set white balance non-destructively. HEIF stores a baked, demosaiced image — quality is high, but the exposure, white balance, and contrast you see at conversion time are what you keep. Always retain the original X3F as your master and treat the HEIF as a delivery copy.
HEIF wraps HEVC-encoded intra frames, and HEVC compresses still images roughly 40-50% more efficiently than JPEG at matched perceptual quality (the ISO/MPEG reference figure is JPEG needing about 2.39× the bits of HEVC for the same objective quality). You get the same picture in roughly half the bytes.
Every Foveon-sensor Sigma DSLR and mirrorless writes X3F: SD9 (2002), SD10, SD14, SD15, SD1, SD1 Merrill, the DP1/DP2/DP3 Merrill compacts, and the dp0/dp1/dp2/dp3 Quattro models. The fp and fp L use a Bayer sensor and write DNG instead, not X3F.
The converter decodes the full Foveon sensor data rather than just extracting the embedded thumbnail, so you get the camera's actual capture resolution (e.g. ~5424 x 3616 from a dp Quattro), not a low-res preview pulled from the header.
The characteristic Foveon look comes from per-pixel three-layer colour capture. Once demosaiced into a standard RGB image, that signature is largely retained in the pixels themselves — HEIF then preserves them at 10-bit depth with very little additional loss. You won't get more Foveon character by converting, but you won't lose what's in the rendered image either.
iOS 11+ and iPadOS, macOS 10.13 High Sierra and newer, Windows 10/11 with the free HEIF Image Extensions from the Microsoft Store (HEVC Video Extensions is also needed for HEIC/HEIF created by Apple devices), Android 9+, modern Chrome and Edge (via OS codecs), Photoshop 2023+, Affinity Photo, and GIMP 2.10+ with the heif plugin. Safari supports HEIF natively on macOS and iOS.
Yes — drag the whole folder into the upload area and every X3F file will be processed with the same Quality Preset and Resolution settings. Each file is downloaded as its own .heif.
Use Convert X3F to JPG for the most universally compatible output (any browser, any OS, any photo app) or Convert X3F to TIFF for a 16-bit lossless editing intermediate suitable for Photoshop, Lightroom, or Capture One.