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The difference between guessing and modelling your savings is the difference between hoping you'll have enough for a down payment, college, or retirement and knowing exactly when you'll cross the line. Compound interest is famously hard to estimate by intuition — a $250/month deposit at 5% APY for 30 years grows to about $208,000, not the $90,000 you'd get from simple multiplication. Typical scenarios this calculator answers:
Need different math? Try a compound-interest calculator for non-monthly compounding intervals, a retirement calculator for the withdrawal-phase planning, or a 401k calculator for employer-matched accounts — each models a slightly different question.
Banks advertise APY rather than nominal interest rate because APY already bakes in the compounding frequency under the federal Truth in Savings Act. That means a "4.00% APY" account compounding daily and a "4.00% APY" account compounding monthly land at the same end balance — the bank with daily compounding just has a slightly lower nominal rate to compensate. The table below assumes the same 4.00% nominal annual rate (not APY) on a $10,000 deposit, no further contributions, held for one year:
| Compounding | Effective APY | End balance after 1 yr | Extra vs. annual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual (once/yr) | 4.0000% | $10,400.00 | baseline |
| Semi-annual | 4.0400% | $10,404.00 | +$4.00 |
| Quarterly | 4.0604% | $10,406.04 | +$6.04 |
| Monthly | 4.0742% | $10,407.42 | +$7.42 |
| Daily (365/yr) | 4.0808% | $10,408.08 | +$8.08 |
| Continuous (e^r) | 4.0811% | $10,408.11 | +$8.11 |
The lesson: once a bank quotes APY, compounding frequency is already priced in — only nominal rate matters for comparison. The numerical difference between daily and continuous compounding is fractions of a penny per $1,000. If a comparison site quotes one account as "4.00% APY daily" and another as "4.05% APY monthly," the monthly one is genuinely better; ignore the compounding label and read the APY.
Rates change frequently in a Fed cutting cycle; always confirm on the bank's own page before opening. National savings average is around 0.61% APY (Bankrate, May 2026), so any HYSA below ~3.5% is leaving money on the table.
| Bank | APY (May 2026) | Min deposit | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| CIT Bank (Platinum Savings) | 4.10% | $5,000 to reach top tier | Tiered — lower balance earns less |
| Vio Bank (Cornerstone Money Market) | 4.03% | $100 | Money-market account; treated similarly by FDIC |
| Bread Savings | 4.00% | $100 | Online-only, no monthly fee |
| EverBank Performance Savings | 3.90% | $0 | No minimum, no fee |
| Marcus by Goldman Sachs | 3.50% | $0 | Strong customer-service reputation; no fees |
| Wealthfront Cash | 3.30% | $1 | Brokerage cash sweep; FDIC up to $5M via partner banks |
| US national average | 0.61% | — | Most brick-and-mortar checking and "regular" savings |
Numbers above are from Bankrate's May 2026 round-up; individual banks may have introductory bonuses or relationship-tier boosts not shown.
APY (annual percentage yield) includes the effect of compounding — it's the rate you actually earn over a year. APR (annual percentage rate) is the nominal interest rate before compounding. For savings, you always want APY — that's what regulation (the federal Truth in Savings Act) requires banks to advertise so accounts are directly comparable. APR shows up on loans and credit cards, where it represents the cost before fees. A 4.00% APR compounding monthly produces 4.074% APY; a 4.00% APR compounding daily produces 4.081% APY. Two accounts with the same APY produce the same end balance regardless of how often they compound.
In dollars, no — not once APY is held constant. On $10,000 at 4% APY for one year, daily compounding produces about $0.66 more than monthly compounding (about $8.08 vs $7.42 over a year of straight-line accrual on the nominal rate). On a $100,000 balance over 10 years the gap is roughly $66. The marketing emphasis on "compounded daily" is mostly a holdover from an era before APY was standardized; today the APY number already tells you the full story.
FDIC insurance covers $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank, per ownership category (single, joint, certain retirement accounts, trust, employee benefit plan, corporation, and government — seven categories total). If your projected future value pushes a single-owner account over $250,000, plan to either open accounts at additional FDIC-insured banks or use different ownership categories at the same bank (e.g., a joint account with a spouse covers up to an additional $500,000). Brokerage cash sweep products like Wealthfront Cash spread deposits across partner banks to multiply the limit — Wealthfront advertises $5M of coverage by spreading across roughly 20 banks.
Savings APYs are not contractually tied to the federal funds rate, but they track it closely. The Fed held rates at the 3.5%-3.75% target range through its April 2026 meeting; the median FOMC projection is for one more 25-basis-point cut in 2026, with markets pricing further cuts into 2027. Each 25 bp cut typically drops HYSA APYs by 15-25 basis points within a few weeks. To stress-test, run your scenario at the current APY, then at -0.50% to see the worst-case for a multi-year savings horizon. CDs lock today's rate — see the next question.
A CD locks in today's APY for a fixed term (typically 3 months to 5 years) in exchange for an early-withdrawal penalty if you tap it. HYSAs are liquid but variable — the bank can reset your rate any day. In a falling-rate environment like May 2026, locking some money in a 12-24 month CD at 4.0%+ guarantees that return even if HYSA rates drift to 3% by 2027. The standard playbook: emergency fund in an HYSA for instant access, longer-horizon money laddered across CDs (open 12, 24, 36, 48, 60-month CDs so one matures each year). If rates rise instead, the HYSA portion captures the move automatically.
The calculator shows nominal future value. To get real (inflation-adjusted) return, subtract long-run inflation from your APY before running the projection. With headline CPI around 2.5-3% and an HYSA at 4%, your real return is roughly 1-1.5% — positive but modest. In high-inflation periods (CPI > APY), savings lose purchasing power even while the dollar balance grows; that's when investors typically shift longer-horizon savings into TIPS, I-bonds, or diversified portfolios rather than cash. For a 30-year horizon, even a "high-yield" cash account underperforms a stock-bond mix in most historical windows.
The calculator assumes a constant monthly deposit, so it doesn't directly model annual lump sums. A workaround: run it twice — once with the lump-sum baseline as the starting balance for a 1-year window, then re-set the starting balance to the projected end balance and continue. Or approximate by adding (annual lump / 12) to your monthly deposit; the error vs. true once-a-year timing is small (a few tenths of a percent of final balance over a decade).
No — interest earned in a taxable savings account is reported on 1099-INT and taxed as ordinary income at your federal marginal rate (plus state tax in most US states). At a 24% federal bracket, a 4% APY effectively delivers ~3.04% after federal tax. To model after-tax growth, plug in your post-tax rate (APY × (1 − marginal rate)) as the APY (%) input. Tax-advantaged accounts (Roth IRA, HSA, 529) avoid this drag entirely; for retirement-specific projections, use a dedicated 401k or IRA tool that models pre-tax growth.
Three usual culprits: (1) timing of deposits — the calculator assumes deposits arrive at the start of each month; if your standing order hits on the 15th, you lose half a month of compounding per deposit; (2) promotional rate expiry — many HYSAs offer a 6-month intro APY that drops to a lower "go-to" rate; the calculator assumes a constant rate; (3) rounding — banks credit interest to the cent at posting, and small differences accumulate. For projections more than a year out, expect the calculator to be within 1-2% of actual; for exact figures, the bank's amortization is authoritative.