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Supports: PSD
PSD is Adobe Photoshop's native, proprietary working format — outside Adobe apps, support is patchy and many viewers either refuse PSDs or render only the composite preview. TIFF is the long-running interchange standard for print and archives: the spec was first published by Aldus in autumn 1986, hit Revision 6.0 in June 1992 (adding CMYK, YCbCr and JPEG-in-TIFF), and passed to Adobe when it acquired Aldus in 1994. Converting PSD to TIFF gives you a flattened, lossless, universally readable file suited to the workflows below.
| Property | PSD (source) | TIFF (output) |
|---|---|---|
| Owner / standard | Adobe (proprietary) | Open spec (Aldus 1986, Adobe since 1994) |
| Layers | Full Photoshop layers, masks, smart objects, adjustment layers | Layered TIFF tag preserves layers when read by Photoshop / ImageMagick; every other app sees the flat composite |
| Bit depth | 8, 16 or 32 bits per channel | 8, 16 or 32 bits per channel |
| Color modes | RGB, CMYK, Lab, Grayscale, Indexed, Duotone, Multichannel | RGB, CMYK, Lab, Grayscale, Indexed |
| Compression | RLE (layer data), ZIP (16/32-bit) | None, LZW, ZIP/Deflate, PackBits, JPEG, CCITT Fax 3/4 |
| Max file size | 2 GB (PSD); 4 GB (PSB "Large Document") | 4 GB classic TIFF; BigTIFF (64-bit offsets) for larger |
| Universal viewer support | Adobe + a handful of editors | Virtually every image viewer, browser preview, OS thumbnailer |
| Suited to | Active editing | Print delivery, archival, interchange |
| Compression | Lossless? | Best for | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| NONE | Yes | Maximum compatibility, simple debugging | Largest file; every TIFF reader supports it |
| LZW | Yes | Prepress / print delivery | Default for most prepress shops; broad RIP support |
| DEFLATE (ZIP) | Yes | 16-bit photos, smooth gradients | Smaller than LZW on continuous-tone images; well supported in modern tools |
| PACKBITS | Yes | Legacy / Mac-era workflows | Simple run-length; weak on photographic content |
| JPEG | No | Smaller proof copies | Re-encodes pixels — avoid for masters |
| CCITT Fax 4 | Yes (1-bit only) | Scanned bitonal documents | For black-and-white only; not for photos |
Only inside Adobe apps. TIFF supports a layered-image extension that Photoshop, Adobe Bridge and ImageMagick can read, but Adobe explicitly notes that "if you open the file in another application, only the flattened image is visible." Capture One, Lightroom Develop, GIMP, Affinity Photo and most other tools will see only the flat composite. If you need editable layers off-Adobe, keep the original PSD; convert to TIFF when you want a single deliverable layer.
For prepress, retouching masters and any image you'll grade or color-correct further, keep 16-bit — you preserve editing headroom and avoid posterization in skies and skin tones. For final-final files going to web or to a printer that explicitly requested 8-bit, you can drop down. The TIFF spec supports 8, 16 and 32 bits per channel; doubling bit depth roughly doubles file size.
Yes. TIFF supports CMYK, RGB, Lab and Grayscale (added in TIFF 6.0, 1992), and the converter preserves the source PSD's color mode and embedded ICC profile. If your printer asks for a specific CMYK profile (US Web Coated SWOP v2, FOGRA39, GRACoL, Japan Color), make sure that profile is embedded in the PSD before conversion.
PSD stores the composite using RLE compression on layer data; an LZW or uncompressed TIFF flattens everything into a contiguous raster grid that compresses less efficiently on photographic content. Switching Compression Type to DEFLATE/ZIP often produces the smallest lossless TIFF. If size still matters, use compress TIFF after conversion.
#####.tiff or.tif — what's the difference?
None. Both are valid extensions for the same format..tif is the older three-letter form left over from DOS / Windows 8.3 filenames;.tiff is the modern four-letter form. Some legacy prepress tools and barcode-printing systems still expect.tif specifically. Pick whichever your downstream system requires.
Classic TIFF is capped at 4 GB because the spec uses 32-bit byte offsets. For larger images (high-resolution scans, multi-gigabyte microscopy or satellite rasters), the BigTIFF variant uses 64-bit offsets and theoretically supports up to 18 EB. Most everyday photographic conversions stay well under the 4 GB classic limit, even at 16-bit and 100+ megapixels.
Not really. Use TIFF for delivery, archival or hand-off; keep a PSD as your editing master. Photoshop documents store smart objects, adjustment layers, layer comps, vector shapes and live text in a structure other apps can't fully reproduce — even Photoshop's own layered TIFF doesn't preserve every working-file feature. A common professional pattern is "edit in PSD, deliver as TIFF, archive both."
For print and archival, yes — TIFF remains the prepress standard and one of the Library of Congress's preferred preservation formats. The newer formats are aimed at web and consumer photography (smaller files, modern compression), but commercial RIPs, layout software, scanning workflows, GIS pipelines and medical imaging still standardize on TIFF.
For web previews use PSD to PNG (lossless with transparency) or PSD to JPG (smaller, no transparency). For client review or print proofs in document form, PSD to PDF wraps the composite in a vector-friendly container. To open or repack an existing TIFF, see TIFF to JPG or TIFF to PDF.